---

name: resolve description: Resolve disagreements between agents or approaches using test-based adjudication. Use when agents disagree, when multiple valid approaches exist, when the user asks "which approach", or when making architectural decisions with tradeoffs.

Resolve — Test-Based Adjudication

Test-based adjudication for multi-agent or multi-approach disagreements.

Design rationale: This skill uses the orchestrator-subagent pattern because test-based adjudication involves substantial cognitive work: position gathering, discriminating test design, test execution, and evidence-based adjudication. Each phase benefits from fresh context to prevent anchoring bias. See docs/guides/ORCHESTRATOR_SUBAGENT_PATTERN.md.

When This Applies

Signal	Action
Multiple agents disagree	Run full protocol
Multiple valid approaches	Run full protocol
User asks "which approach"	Run full protocol
Architectural decision needed	Run full protocol
User says "/resolve"	Run full protocol

---

Philosophy

"Tests are the medium of disagreement, not rhetoric." — DebateCoder

Research backing:

• research/003-debate-or-vote.md: Voting beats extended debate
• research/041-debatecoder.md: Tests adjudicate better than arguments
• research/042-rankef.md: Selection beats unguided reasoning

Key principles:

• Tests decide, not rhetoric
• Max 2 discussion rounds without tests
• Preserve dissent for user decision when tests don't discriminate
• No compromise—evidence picks winner

---

Tool Reference

File Operations

Tool	Purpose
Read(context_paths)	Read relevant code/docs
Write(file_path, content)	Write position/test reports
Grep(pattern)	Search codebase for patterns

Testing

Command	Purpose
pytest tests/...	Run discriminating tests
npm test	Run JS/TS tests

Discriminating Tests

A discriminating test is one where:

• Position A passes, Position B fails (or vice versa)
• It directly tests the contested claim
• Result is observable and repeatable

Decision Outcomes

Outcome	When	Action
Clear winner	Tests discriminate (2-1 or better)	Document decision
No winner	Tests don't discriminate	Preserve dissent, ask user
Value tradeoff	Equal test results	Present options to user

---

Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                      RESOLVE ORCHESTRATOR                        │
│  - Creates session: sessions/resolve-{timestamp}/                │
│  - Manages TodoWrite state                                       │
│  - Spawns subagents with isolated context (prevents anchoring)   │
│  - Passes test results, not arguments, between phases            │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                              │
         ┌────────────────────┼────────────────────┐
         │                    │                    │
         ▼                    ▼                    ▼
┌─────────────────┐  ┌─────────────────┐  ┌─────────────────┐
│    Positions    │  │  Test Generate  │  │  Test Execute   │
│  agents/        │  │  agents/        │  │  agents/        │
│  positions.md   │  │  tests.md       │  │  execute.md     │
└────────┬────────┘  └────────┬────────┘  └────────┬────────┘
         │                    │                    │
    01_positions.md      02_tests.md         03_results.md
         │                    │                    │
         └────────────────────┼────────────────────┘
                              │
                              ▼
                    ┌─────────────────┐
                    │   Adjudicate    │ → Decision or user choice
                    │  agents/        │
                    │  adjudicate.md  │
                    └────────┬────────┘
                             │
                        04_decision.md

Subagents

Phase	Agent	Input	Output
1	agents/positions.md	question, context	positions A, B, C...
2	agents/tests.md	positions	discriminating tests
3	agents/execute.md	tests, positions	test results matrix
4	agents/adjudicate.md	results	decision or preserved dissent

---

Execution Flow

1. Setup (Orchestrator)

1. Create session directory:
   mkdir -p sessions/resolve-{timestamp}

2. Initialize TodoWrite with phases:
   - [ ] Phase 1: Gather Positions
   - [ ] Phase 2: Generate Discriminating Tests
   - [ ] Phase 3: Execute Tests
   - [ ] Phase 4: Adjudicate

3. Gather inputs:
   - question: What is being decided?
   - context: Relevant code/docs
   - participants: Agents or approaches involved

2. Phase 1: Gather Positions

Spawn: agents/positions.md

Input:

{
  "session_dir": "sessions/resolve-{timestamp}",
  "question": "Should we use JWT or session tokens for auth?",
  "context_paths": ["src/auth/**", "PLAN/requirements.md"]
}

Output:

{
  "report_path": "sessions/.../01_positions.md",
  "positions": [
    {"id": "A", "approach": "JWT tokens", "rationale": "Stateless, scalable"},
    {"id": "B", "approach": "Session tokens", "rationale": "Revocable, simpler"}
  ]
}

3. Phase 2: Generate Discriminating Tests

Spawn: agents/tests.md

Input:

{
  "session_dir": "sessions/resolve-{timestamp}",
  "positions_path": "<from Phase 1>"
}

Output:

{
  "report_path": "sessions/.../02_tests.md",
  "tests": [
    {"id": "T1", "name": "test_immediate_revocation", "discriminates": "A fails, B passes"},
    {"id": "T2", "name": "test_horizontal_scaling", "discriminates": "A passes, B fails"},
    {"id": "T3", "name": "test_offline_validation", "discriminates": "A passes, B fails"}
  ]
}

4. Phase 3: Execute Tests

Spawn: agents/execute.md

Input:

{
  "session_dir": "sessions/resolve-{timestamp}",
  "tests_path": "<from Phase 2>",
  "positions_path": "<from Phase 1>"
}

Output:

{
  "report_path": "sessions/.../03_results.md",
  "results_matrix": {
    "T1": {"A": "FAIL", "B": "PASS"},
    "T2": {"A": "PASS", "B": "FAIL"},
    "T3": {"A": "PASS", "B": "FAIL"}
  },
  "a_wins": 2,
  "b_wins": 1
}

5. Phase 4: Adjudicate

Spawn: agents/adjudicate.md

Input:

{
  "session_dir": "sessions/resolve-{timestamp}",
  "results_path": "<from Phase 3>",
  "positions_path": "<from Phase 1>"
}

Output:

{
  "report_path": "sessions/.../04_decision.md",
  "winner": "A",
  "confidence": "HIGH",
  "rationale": "JWT wins 2-1 on discriminating tests",
  "preserved_dissent": "Revocation concern valid—consider short expiry",
  "user_decision_needed": false
}

6. Finalize (Orchestrator)

1. Update TodoWrite (all phases complete)
2. If clear winner: present decision with evidence
3. If no winner: present both positions for user decision
4. Record decision in ADR if architectural

---

When Tests Don't Discriminate

If tests pass/fail equally for all positions:

{
  "winner": null,
  "confidence": "LOW",
  "rationale": "Tests don't discriminate—this is a value tradeoff",
  "preserved_dissent": [
    {"position": "A", "for": "Scalability priority"},
    {"position": "B", "for": "Simplicity priority"}
  ],
  "user_decision_needed": true,
  "question_for_user": "Do you prioritize horizontal scaling or immediate revocation?"
}

---

Anti-Patterns

Don't	Why
Extended rhetorical debate	Research shows it degrades outcomes
Compromise positions	Evidence picks winner, no averaging
Skip test generation	Rhetoric without tests is noise
Force consensus	Preserve dissent for user
More than 2 rounds without tests	Escalate to user instead

---

See Also

• agents/ — Subagent definitions
• docs/guides/ORCHESTRATOR_SUBAGENT_PATTERN.md — Pattern documentation
• research/041-debatecoder.md — Test-based adjudication research
• research/003-debate-or-vote.md — Why debate degrades