---

name: rls-patterns description: Row Level Security patterns for database operations. Use when writing Prisma/database code, creating API routes that access data, or implementing webhooks. Enforces withUserContext, withAdminContext, or withSystemContext helpers. NEVER use direct prisma calls.

RLS Patterns Skill

Purpose

Enforce Row Level Security (RLS) patterns for all database operations. This skill ensures data isolation and prevents cross-user data access at the database level.

When This Skill Applies

Invoke this skill when:

• Writing any Prisma database query
• Creating or modifying API routes that access the database
• Implementing webhook handlers that write to the database
• Working with user data, payments, subscriptions, or enrollments
• Accessing admin-only tables (disputes, webhook_events)

Critical Rules

NEVER Do This

// ❌ FORBIDDEN - Direct Prisma calls bypass RLS
const user = await prisma.user.findUnique({ where: { user_id } });

// ❌ FORBIDDEN - No context set
const payments = await prisma.payments.findMany();

ESLint will block direct Prisma calls. See eslint.config.mjs for enforcement rules.

ALWAYS Do This

import {
  withUserContext,
  withAdminContext,
  withSystemContext,
} from "@/lib/rls-context";

// ✅ CORRECT - User context for user operations
const user = await withUserContext(prisma, userId, async (client) => {
  return client.user.findUnique({ where: { user_id: userId } });
});

// ✅ CORRECT - Admin context for admin operations
const webhooks = await withAdminContext(prisma, userId, async (client) => {
  return client.webhook_events.findMany();
});

// ✅ CORRECT - System context for webhooks/background tasks
const event = await withSystemContext(prisma, "webhook", async (client) => {
  return client.webhook_events.create({ data: eventData });
});

Context Helper Reference

withUserContext(prisma, userId, callback)

Use for: All user-facing operations

• User profile access
• Payment history
• Subscription management
• Course enrollments

const payments = await withUserContext(prisma, userId, async (client) => {
  return client.payments.findMany({ where: { user_id: userId } });
});

withAdminContext(prisma, userId, callback)

Use for: Admin-only operations (requires admin role in user_roles table)

• Viewing all webhook events
• Managing disputes
• Accessing payment failures

const disputes = await withAdminContext(prisma, adminUserId, async (client) => {
  return client.disputes.findMany();
});

withSystemContext(prisma, contextType, callback)

Use for: Webhooks and background jobs

• Stripe webhook handlers
• Clerk webhook handlers
• Background job processing

// Stripe webhook handler
await withSystemContext(prisma, "webhook", async (client) => {
  await client.payments.create({ data: paymentData });
});

Admin Pages: Force Dynamic Rendering

CRITICAL: Admin pages using RLS queries MUST force runtime rendering:

// app/admin/some-page/page.tsx
import { withAdminContext } from "@/lib/rls-context";
import { prisma } from "@/lib/prisma";

// REQUIRED - RLS context unavailable at build time
export const dynamic = "force-dynamic";

async function getAdminData() {
  return await withAdminContext(prisma, userId, async (client) => {
    return client.someTable.findMany();
  });
}

Without export const dynamic = 'force-dynamic', Next.js will try to pre-render at build time, causing "permission denied" errors.

Protected Tables

User Data Tables (User Isolation)

Table	Policy Type	Access
user	User isolation	Own data only
payments	User isolation	Own payments only
subscriptions	User isolation	Own subscriptions only
invoices	User isolation	Own invoices only
course_enrollment	User isolation	Own enrollments only

Admin/System Tables (Role-Based)

Table	Policy Type	Access
webhook_events	Admin+System	Admins and webhooks only
disputes	Admin only	Admins only
payment_failures	Admin only	Admins only
trial_notifications	Admin+System	Admins and system only

Testing Requirements

Always test with {PROJECT}_app_user role (not {PROJECT}_user superuser):

# Basic RLS functionality test
node scripts/test-rls-phase3-simple.js

# Comprehensive security validation
cat scripts/rls-phase4-final-validation.sql | \
  docker exec -i {PROJECT_NAME}-postgres-1 psql -U {PROJECT}_app_user -d {PROJECT}_dev

Common Patterns

API Route with User Context

// app/api/user/payments/route.ts
import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
import { requireAuth } from "@/lib/auth";
import { withUserContext } from "@/lib/rls-context";
import { prisma } from "@/lib/prisma";

export async function GET() {
  const { userId } = await requireAuth();

  const payments = await withUserContext(prisma, userId, async (client) => {
    return client.payments.findMany({
      where: { user_id: userId },
      orderBy: { created_at: "desc" },
    });
  });

  return NextResponse.json(payments);
}

Webhook Handler with System Context

// app/api/webhooks/stripe/route.ts
import { withSystemContext } from "@/lib/rls-context";
import { prisma } from "@/lib/prisma";

export async function POST(req: Request) {
  // Verify webhook signature first...

  await withSystemContext(prisma, "webhook", async (client) => {
    await client.webhook_events.create({
      data: {
        event_type: event.type,
        payload: event.data,
        processed_at: new Date(),
      },
    });
  });

  return new Response("OK", { status: 200 });
}

Authoritative References

• Implementation Guide: docs/database/RLS_IMPLEMENTATION_GUIDE.md
• Policy Catalog: docs/database/RLS_POLICY_CATALOG.md
• Migration SOP: docs/database/RLS_DATABASE_MIGRATION_SOP.md
• ESLint Rules: eslint.config.mjs (direct Prisma call enforcement)
• RLS Context: lib/rls-context.ts