---

name: migrating-from-forwardref description: Teaches migration from forwardRef to ref-as-prop pattern in React 19. Use when seeing forwardRef usage, upgrading React components, or when refs are mentioned. forwardRef is deprecated in React 19. allowed-tools: Read, Write, Edit, Glob, Grep version: 1.0.0

Migrating from forwardRef to Ref as Prop

• User mentions forwardRef, refs, or ref forwarding
• Seeing code that uses React.forwardRef
• Upgrading components to React 19
• Need to expose DOM refs from custom components
• TypeScript errors about ref props

Why the Change:

1. Simpler API - Refs are just props, no special wrapper needed
2. Better TypeScript - Easier type inference and typing
3. Consistency - All props handled the same way
4. Less Boilerplate - Fewer imports and wrapper functions

Migration Path:

• forwardRef still works in React 19 (deprecated, not removed)
• New code should use ref as prop
• Gradual migration recommended for existing codebases

Key Difference:

// OLD: forwardRef (deprecated)
const Button = forwardRef((props, ref) => ...);

// NEW: ref as prop (React 19)
function Button({ ref, ...props }) { ... }

Step 1: Identify forwardRef Usage

Search codebase for forwardRef:

# Use Grep tool
pattern: "forwardRef"
output_mode: "files_with_matches"

Step 2: Understand Current Pattern

Before (React 18):

import { forwardRef } from 'react';

const MyButton = forwardRef((props, ref) => {
  return (
    <button ref={ref} className={props.className}>
      {props.children}
    </button>
  );
});

Step 3: Convert to Ref as Prop

After (React 19):

function MyButton({ children, className, ref }) {
  return (
    <button ref={ref} className={className}>
      {children}
    </button>
  );
}

Step 4: Update TypeScript Types (if applicable)

Before:

import { forwardRef } from 'react';

interface ButtonProps {
  variant: 'primary' | 'secondary';
  children: React.ReactNode;
}

const Button = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, ButtonProps>(
  ({ variant, children }, ref) => {
    return (
      <button ref={ref} className={variant}>
        {children}
      </button>
    );
  }
);

After:

import { Ref } from 'react';

interface ButtonProps {
  variant: 'primary' | 'secondary';
  children: React.ReactNode;
  ref?: Ref<HTMLButtonElement>;
}

function Button({ variant, children, ref }: ButtonProps) {
  return (
    <button ref={ref} className={variant}>
      {children}
    </button>
  );
}

Step 5: Test Component

Verify ref forwarding still works:

function Parent() {
  const buttonRef = useRef(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    buttonRef.current?.focus();
  }, []);

  return <Button ref={buttonRef}>Click me</Button>;
}

If component uses useImperativeHandle:

Before:

const FancyInput = forwardRef((props, ref) => {
  const inputRef = useRef();

  useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
    focus: () => inputRef.current.focus(),
    clear: () => { inputRef.current.value = ''; }
  }));

  return <input ref={inputRef} />;
});

After:

function FancyInput({ ref }) {
  const inputRef = useRef();

  useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
    focus: () => inputRef.current.focus(),
    clear: () => { inputRef.current.value = ''; }
  }));

  return <input ref={inputRef} />;
}

If component has multiple refs:

function ComplexComponent({ ref, innerRef, ...props }) {
  return (
    <div ref={ref}>
      <input ref={innerRef} {...props} />
    </div>
  );
}

If using generic components:

interface GenericProps<T> {
  value: T;
  ref?: Ref<HTMLDivElement>;
}

function GenericComponent<T>({ value, ref }: GenericProps<T>) {
  return <div ref={ref}>{String(value)}</div>;
}

For detailed information:

• Ref Cleanup Functions: See ../../../research/react-19-comprehensive.md (lines 1013-1033)
• useImperativeHandle: See ../../../research/react-19-comprehensive.md (lines 614-623)
• TypeScript Migration: See ../../../research/react-19-comprehensive.md (lines 890-916)
• Complete Migration Guide: See ../../../research/react-19-comprehensive.md (lines 978-1011)

Load references when specific patterns are needed.

Before (React 18 with forwardRef):

import { forwardRef } from 'react';

const Button = forwardRef((props, ref) => (
  <button ref={ref} {...props}>
    {props.children}
  </button>
));

Button.displayName = 'Button';

export default Button;

After (React 19 with ref prop):

function Button({ children, ref, ...props }) {
  return (
    <button ref={ref} {...props}>
      {children}
    </button>
  );
}

export default Button;

Changes Made:

1. ✅ Removed forwardRef import
2. ✅ Removed forwardRef wrapper
3. ✅ Added ref to props destructuring
4. ✅ Removed unnecessary displayName
5. ✅ Simplified function signature

Example 2: TypeScript Component with Multiple Props

Before:

import { forwardRef, HTMLAttributes } from 'react';

interface CardProps extends HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement> {
  title: string;
  description?: string;
  variant?: 'default' | 'outlined';
}

const Card = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, CardProps>(
  ({ title, description, variant = 'default', ...props }, ref) => {
    return (
      <div ref={ref} className={`card card-${variant}`} {...props}>
        <h3>{title}</h3>
        {description && <p>{description}</p>}
      </div>
    );
  }
);

Card.displayName = 'Card';

export default Card;

After:

import { Ref, HTMLAttributes } from 'react';

interface CardProps extends HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement> {
  title: string;
  description?: string;
  variant?: 'default' | 'outlined';
  ref?: Ref<HTMLDivElement>;
}

function Card({
  title,
  description,
  variant = 'default',
  ref,
  ...props
}: CardProps) {
  return (
    <div ref={ref} className={`card card-${variant}`} {...props}>
      <h3>{title}</h3>
      {description && <p>{description}</p>}
    </div>
  );
}

export default Card;

Changes Made:

1. ✅ Changed import from forwardRef to Ref type
2. ✅ Added ref?: Ref<HTMLDivElement> to interface
3. ✅ Removed forwardRef wrapper
4. ✅ Added ref to props destructuring
5. ✅ Removed displayName

Example 3: Input with useImperativeHandle

Before:

import { forwardRef, useRef, useImperativeHandle } from 'react';

const SearchInput = forwardRef((props, ref) => {
  const inputRef = useRef();

  useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
    focus() {
      inputRef.current?.focus();
    },
    clear() {
      inputRef.current.value = '';
    },
    getValue() {
      return inputRef.current?.value || '';
    }
  }));

  return (
    <input
      ref={inputRef}
      type="text"
      placeholder="Search..."
      {...props}
    />
  );
});

export default SearchInput;

After:

import { useRef, useImperativeHandle } from 'react';

function SearchInput({ ref, ...props }) {
  const inputRef = useRef();

  useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
    focus() {
      inputRef.current?.focus();
    },
    clear() {
      inputRef.current.value = '';
    },
    getValue() {
      return inputRef.current?.value || '';
    }
  }));

  return (
    <input
      ref={inputRef}
      type="text"
      placeholder="Search..."
      {...props}
    />
  );
}

export default SearchInput;

Usage (unchanged):

function SearchBar() {
  const searchRef = useRef();

  const handleClear = () => {
    searchRef.current?.clear();
  };

  return (
    <>
      <SearchInput ref={searchRef} />
      <button onClick={handleClear}>Clear</button>
    </>
  );
}

Example 4: Component Library Pattern

Before:

import { forwardRef, ComponentPropsWithoutRef, ElementRef } from 'react';

type ButtonElement = ElementRef<'button'>;
type ButtonProps = ComponentPropsWithoutRef<'button'> & {
  variant?: 'primary' | 'secondary';
};

const Button = forwardRef<ButtonElement, ButtonProps>(
  ({ variant = 'primary', className, ...props }, ref) => {
    return (
      <button
        ref={ref}
        className={`btn btn-${variant} ${className || ''}`}
        {...props}
      />
    );
  }
);

Button.displayName = 'Button';

After:

import { Ref, ComponentPropsWithoutRef, ElementRef } from 'react';

type ButtonElement = ElementRef<'button'>;
type ButtonProps = ComponentPropsWithoutRef<'button'> & {
  variant?: 'primary' | 'secondary';
  ref?: Ref<ButtonElement>;
};

function Button({
  variant = 'primary',
  className,
  ref,
  ...props
}: ButtonProps) {
  return (
    <button
      ref={ref}
      className={`btn btn-${variant} ${className || ''}`}
      {...props}
    />
  );
}

• Add ref to props interface when using TypeScript
• Use Ref<HTMLElement> type from React for TypeScript
• Test that ref forwarding works after migration
• Maintain component behavior exactly (only syntax changes)

SHOULD

• Migrate components gradually (forwardRef still works)
• Update tests to verify ref behavior
• Use consistent prop ordering (ref near other element props)
• Document breaking changes if part of public API

NEVER

• Remove forwardRef if still on React 18
• Change component behavior during migration
• Break existing ref usage in parent components
• Skip TypeScript type updates for ref prop

1. Verify Ref Forwarding:

   const ref = useRef(null);
   <MyComponent ref={ref} />
   // ref.current should be the DOM element
   

2. Check TypeScript Compilation:

   npx tsc --noEmit
   

   No errors about ref props

3. Test Component Behavior:

   • Component renders correctly
   • Ref accesses correct DOM element
   • useImperativeHandle methods work (if used)
   • No console warnings about deprecated APIs

4. Verify Backward Compatibility:

   • Existing usage still works
   • No breaking changes to component API
   • Tests pass

---

Migration Checklist

When migrating a component from forwardRef:

• Remove forwardRef import
• Remove forwardRef wrapper function
• Add ref to props destructuring
• Add ref type to TypeScript interface (if applicable)
• Remove displayName if only used for forwardRef
• Test ref forwarding works
• Update component tests
• Check TypeScript compilation
• Verify no breaking changes to API

Common Migration Patterns

Pattern 1: Simple Ref Forwarding

// Before
const Comp = forwardRef((props, ref) => <div ref={ref} />);

// After
function Comp({ ref }) { return <div ref={ref} />; }

Pattern 2: With useImperativeHandle

// Before
const Comp = forwardRef((props, ref) => {
  useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({ method() {} }));
  return <div />;
});

// After
function Comp({ ref }) {
  useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({ method() {} }));
  return <div />;
}

Pattern 3: TypeScript with Generics

// Before
const Comp = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, Props>((props, ref) => ...);

// After
function Comp({ ref, ...props }: Props & { ref?: Ref<HTMLDivElement> }) { ... }

For comprehensive forwardRef migration documentation, see: research/react-19-comprehensive.md lines 978-1033.

Ref Cleanup Functions (New in React 19)

React 19 supports cleanup functions in ref callbacks:

<div
  ref={(node) => {
    console.log('Connected:', node);

    return () => {
      console.log('Disconnected:', node);
    };
  }}
/>

When Cleanup Runs:

• Component unmounts
• Ref changes to different element

This works with both ref-as-prop and the old forwardRef pattern.