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name: wireframe-prototyping description: Create wireframes and interactive prototypes to visualize user interfaces and gather feedback early. Use tools and techniques to communicate design ideas before development.

Wireframe Prototyping

Overview

Wireframes and prototypes bridge the gap between ideas and implementation, enabling teams to test concepts, get feedback, and refine designs before costly development.

When to Use

• Early concept validation
• Stakeholder alignment
• User testing and feedback
• Developer handoff
• Feature exploration
• UX problem-solving
• Rapid iteration

Instructions

1. Wireframing Fundamentals

Wireframe Principles:

Low Fidelity (Sketches):
  Tools: Paper, whiteboard, Balsamiq
  Time: 30 minutes - 2 hours
  Detail: Basic layout, no colors/fonts
  Best For: Brainstorming, exploration
  Cost: Free

Medium Fidelity:
  Tools: Figma, Sketch, Adobe XD
  Time: 2-8 hours
  Detail: Layout, content, basic interaction
  Best For: Team alignment, feedback
  Cost: Low

High Fidelity:
  Tools: Figma, Framer, web dev tools
  Time: 8+ hours
  Detail: Visual design, interactions, animations
  Best For: Developer handoff, user testing
  Cost: Medium

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## Wireframe Components

Header:
  - Logo/branding
  - Navigation menu
  - Search bar (if applicable)
  - User account menu

Main Content:
  - Hero section or headline
  - Primary content area
  - Call-to-action buttons
  - Supporting information

Sidebar (if applicable):
  - Secondary navigation
  - Filters
  - Related content

Footer:
  - Footer links
  - Copyright
  - Social media

---

## Layout Patterns

Grid Systems:
  - 12-column grid (most flexible)
  - 8-column for mobile
  - Consistent spacing

Responsive Breakpoints:
  - Mobile: 320px - 480px
  - Tablet: 768px - 1024px
  - Desktop: 1200px+

Common Layouts:
  - Hero + Features
  - Two-column with sidebar
  - Three-column grid
  - Masonry/card layout

2. Prototyping Tools & Techniques

# Create interactive prototypes

class PrototypeFramework:
    TOOLS = {
        'Figma': {
            'fidelity': 'Medium-High',
            'interactivity': 'Full',
            'collaboration': 'Real-time',
            'cost': 'Free-$30/month'
        },
        'Framer': {
            'fidelity': 'High',
            'interactivity': 'Advanced',
            'collaboration': 'Limited',
            'cost': '$12+/month'
        },
        'Adobe XD': {
            'fidelity': 'High',
            'interactivity': 'Full',
            'collaboration': 'Good',
            'cost': '$20/month'
        }
    }

    def create_prototype_flow(self):
        """Define user interaction flows"""
        return {
            'screens': [
                {'name': 'Login', 'interactions': ['Email input', 'Password input', 'Submit button']},
                {'name': 'Dashboard', 'interactions': ['View projects', 'Create new', 'Search']},
                {'name': 'Project Detail', 'interactions': ['View tasks', 'Edit project', 'Share']}
            ],
            'flows': [
                {'from': 'Login', 'to': 'Dashboard', 'trigger': 'Valid credentials'},
                {'from': 'Dashboard', 'to': 'Project Detail', 'trigger': 'Click project'},
                {'from': 'Project Detail', 'to': 'Dashboard', 'trigger': 'Back button'}
            ]
        }

    def define_interactions(self, screen):
        """Map user interactions"""
        return {
            'screen': screen,
            'interactions': [
                {
                    'element': 'Submit button',
                    'trigger': 'Click',
                    'action': 'Validate form and submit'
                },
                {
                    'element': 'Email field',
                    'trigger': 'Focus',
                    'action': 'Show placeholder, hint text'
                }
            ]
        }

    def test_prototype(self, prototype):
        """Gather feedback on prototype"""
        return {
            'testing_method': 'Unmoderated user testing',
            'participants': 5,
            'duration': '30 minutes each',
            'tasks': [
                'Complete user registration',
                'Create first project',
                'Invite team member'
            ],
            'metrics': [
                'Task completion rate',
                'Time to complete',
                'Error rate',
                'User satisfaction'
            ]
        }

3. Wireframe Examples

Example: E-commerce Product Page

Header:
  [Logo] [Search bar] [Cart] [Account]

Hero Section:
  [Product image] [Price] [Add to cart] [Reviews: 4.5★]

Product Details:
  Description | Specs | Size guide

Product Images:
  [Main] [Thumb1] [Thumb2] [Thumb3]

Related Products:
  [Product card] [Product card] [Product card]

Footer:
  Contact | FAQ | Returns | Shipping info

4. Prototype Testing

Testing Plan:

Objective: Validate primary user flows and UX clarity

Test Method: Unmoderated remote testing

Participants:
  - 5 representative users
  - Mix of experience levels
  - Similar to target persona

Tasks:
  1. Register a new account
  2. Create your first project
  3. Invite a team member
  4. Edit project settings

Success Criteria:
  - 80%+ task completion rate
  - Average time <5 min per task
  - SUS score >70
  - No critical usability issues

Feedback Areas:
  - Navigation clarity
  - Button placement
  - Form fields
  - Visual hierarchy
  - Error handling

Analysis:
  - Top 3 friction points
  - User quotes
  - Design recommendations

Best Practices

✅ DO

• Start with low-fidelity sketches
• Get feedback early and often
• Test with real users
• Iterate based on feedback
• Use consistent grids and spacing
• Document interaction flows
• Include edge cases (empty states, errors)
• Create mobile-first wireframes
• Share prototypes for collaboration
• Keep wireframes simple and focused

❌ DON'T

• Jump directly to high-fidelity
• Over-design before validation
• Ignore mobile/responsive needs
• Create wireframes without user input
• Leave interactions undefined
• Make wireframes too detailed
• Test only with team members
• Ignore accessibility
• Lock into designs too early
• Create unrealistic user flows

Wireframing Tips

• Use wireframe grids for consistency
• Name screens clearly and consistently
• Show all states (empty, loading, error)
• Include labels and descriptions
• Use annotations for complex interactions