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name: integrating-stripe-webhooks description: Use when implementing Stripe webhook endpoints and getting 'Raw body not available' or signature verification errors - provides raw body parsing solutions and subscription period field fixes across frameworks

Integrating Stripe Webhooks

Overview

Stripe webhooks require raw request bodies for signature verification. Most web frameworks parse JSON automatically, breaking verification. This skill provides framework-specific solutions for the raw body problem and documents common TypeScript type mismatches.

When to Use

Use this skill when:

• Getting "Raw body not available" errors from Stripe webhooks
• Webhook signature verification fails with 400 errors
• Implementing new Stripe webhook endpoints
• Getting TypeError: Cannot read property 'current_period_start' from subscription events
• Webhooks return 404 (route registration issues)

Don't use for:

• General Stripe API integration (not webhooks)
• Frontend Stripe Elements implementation
• Stripe checkout session creation (use Stripe docs)

Quick Reference

Problem	Solution
Raw body not available	Configure custom body parser (see framework examples)
Signature verification fails	Use raw body bytes/buffer, not parsed JSON
404 on webhook endpoint	Register webhook route inside API prefix
current_period_start undefined	Access from subscription.items.data[0] not root
URI validation errors	URL-encode dynamic parameters with encodeURIComponent()

Critical: Raw Body Parsing

THE PROBLEM: Stripe's constructEvent() requires the exact bytes received to verify the signature. JSON parsing modifies the body, breaking verification.

THE SOLUTION: Access raw body before any parsing middleware.

Framework Examples

Node.js - Fastify (most common for new projects):

// In main server file, BEFORE registering routes
server.addContentTypeParser('application/json',
  { parseAs: 'buffer' },
  async (req: any, body: Buffer) => {
    req.rawBody = body;  // Store for webhooks
    return JSON.parse(body.toString('utf8'));  // Parse for other routes
  }
);

// In webhook handler
const rawBody = (request as any).rawBody;
const event = stripe.webhooks.constructEvent(
  rawBody, signature, webhookSecret
);

Node.js - Express:

// Define webhook route BEFORE express.json() middleware
app.post('/webhooks/stripe',
  express.raw({ type: 'application/json' }),
  (req, res) => {
    const event = stripe.webhooks.constructEvent(
      req.body,  // Already raw Buffer
      req.headers['stripe-signature'],
      webhookSecret
    );
  }
);

app.use(express.json());  // After webhook route

Python - FastAPI:

@app.post('/webhooks/stripe')
async def stripe_webhook(request: Request):
    payload = await request.body()  # Use .body() not .json()
    signature = request.headers.get('stripe-signature')

    event = stripe.Webhook.construct_event(
        payload, signature, webhook_secret
    )

General Pattern: Get raw bytes/buffer → verify signature → use parsed event from Stripe.

Common Mistakes

1. Subscription Period Fields Missing

Error: TypeError: Cannot read property 'current_period_start' of undefined

Cause: Stripe returns period dates in subscription.items.data[0], not at subscription root. TypeScript types don't include these fields on SubscriptionItem.

Fix:

// ❌ WRONG - fields don't exist here
new Date(subscription.current_period_start * 1000)

// ✅ CORRECT - get from first subscription item
const firstItem = subscription.items.data[0] as any;
const periodStart = firstItem?.current_period_start || subscription.billing_cycle_anchor;
const periodEnd = firstItem?.current_period_end || subscription.billing_cycle_anchor;

await updateOrg({
  start_date: new Date(periodStart * 1000),
  end_date: new Date(periodEnd * 1000),
});

2. Route Not Found (404)

Cause: Webhook routes registered outside API prefix.

// ❌ WRONG - creates /webhooks/stripe instead of /api/v1/webhooks/stripe
export async function registerRoutes(server) {
  server.register(async (api) => {
    await api.register(subscriptionRoutes, { prefix: '/subscriptions' });
  }, { prefix: '/api/v1' });

  await server.register(webhookRoutes, { prefix: '/webhooks' });  // Outside!
}

// ✅ CORRECT - inside API prefix
export async function registerRoutes(server) {
  server.register(async (api) => {
    await api.register(subscriptionRoutes, { prefix: '/subscriptions' });
    await api.register(webhookRoutes, { prefix: '/webhooks' });  // Inside
  }, { prefix: '/api/v1' });
}

3. URL Encoding in Checkout URLs

Error: "body/successUrl must match format 'uri'"

Cause: Organization names or parameters with spaces not URL-encoded.

// ❌ WRONG - "Broke Org" creates invalid URL
const successUrl = `${origin}/orgs?name=${orgName}&subscription=success`;

// ✅ CORRECT - encode dynamic parameters
const successUrl = `${origin}/orgs?name=${encodeURIComponent(orgName)}&subscription=success`;

Implementation Checklist

Server Setup:

• Configure raw body parser BEFORE routes
• Register webhook routes inside API prefix (if using one)
• Set STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET environment variable
• Verify webhook secret is configured before processing

Webhook Handler:

• Validate stripe-signature header exists
• Access raw body (not parsed JSON)
• Use stripe.webhooks.constructEvent() for verification
• Handle SignatureVerificationError separately
• Return 200 for received events (even if processing fails)
• Log all events with ID and type

Subscription Events:

• Get period dates from subscription.items.data[0]
• Cast to any to access TypeScript-missing fields
• Fallback to billing_cycle_anchor if items missing
• Store org_id in subscription metadata
• Update verification status based on subscription status

Frontend:

• URL-encode all dynamic parameters
• URL-encode organization names in success/cancel URLs
• Handle checkout errors gracefully
• Poll for verification after checkout success

Testing Locally

# Install Stripe CLI
brew install stripe/stripe-cli/stripe

# Forward webhooks to local server
stripe listen --forward-to localhost:3000/api/v1/webhooks/stripe

# Trigger test events
stripe trigger customer.subscription.created
stripe trigger customer.subscription.updated
stripe trigger invoice.paid

Real-World Impact

Before applying these patterns:

• Webhooks fail with 400 "Invalid signature"
• Subscription updates crash with undefined property errors
• Hours debugging TypeScript type mismatches
• Checkout fails with URL validation errors

After applying:

• Webhooks verify successfully
• Subscription data extracts correctly
• Type-safe with explicit casting
• Checkout URLs work with any organization name

References

• Stripe Webhook Signature Verification
• Stripe Subscription Object
• See framework documentation for body parsing middleware