name: api-authentication description: Secure API authentication with JWT, OAuth 2.0, API keys. Use for authentication systems, third-party integrations, service-to-service communication, or encountering token management, security headers, auth flow errors.

API Authentication

Implement secure authentication mechanisms for APIs using modern standards and best practices.

Authentication Methods

JWT Implementation (Node.js)

const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');

const generateTokens = (user) => ({
  accessToken: jwt.sign(
    { userId: user.id, role: user.role },
    process.env.JWT_SECRET,
    { expiresIn: '15m' }
  ),
  refreshToken: jwt.sign(
    { userId: user.id, type: 'refresh' },
    process.env.REFRESH_SECRET,
    { expiresIn: '7d' }
  )
});

const authMiddleware = (req, res, next) => {
  const authHeader = req.headers.authorization;

  // Validate authorization header format
  if (!authHeader || !authHeader.startsWith('Bearer ')) {
    return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Malformed authorization header' });
  }

  const parts = authHeader.split(' ');
  if (parts.length !== 2) {
    return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Malformed authorization header' });
  }

  const token = parts[1];
  if (!token) {
    return res.status(401).json({ error: 'No token provided' });
  }

  try {
    req.user = jwt.verify(token, process.env.JWT_SECRET);
    next();
  } catch (err) {
    res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid token' });
  }
};

Security Requirements

• Always use HTTPS
• Store tokens in HttpOnly cookies (not localStorage)
• Hash passwords with bcrypt (cost factor 12+)
• Implement rate limiting on auth endpoints
• Rotate secrets regularly
• Never transmit tokens in URLs

Security Headers

app.use((req, res, next) => {
  res.setHeader('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff');
  res.setHeader('X-Frame-Options', 'DENY');
  res.setHeader('Strict-Transport-Security', 'max-age=31536000');
  next();
});

Additional Implementations

See references/python-flask.md for:

• Flask JWT with role-based access control decorators
• OAuth 2.0 Google integration with Authlib
• API key authentication with secure hashing

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Storing plain-text passwords
• Using weak JWT secrets
• Ignoring token expiration
• Disabling HTTPS in production
• Logging sensitive tokens